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你可能听说过六西格玛中的各种“带”，但又不清楚他们意味着什么。这篇文章中，我们会好好解释一下跟六西格玛相关的各种角色，并分享一些建议给对相关职业路线有兴趣的读者。
You may have heard about different “belts”in regards of Six Sigma but not clear what they mean. In this article, we will talk about all the roles related to Six Sigma in details and share some tips for people who are interested in pursuing career path related to Six Sigma.
黑带大师Master Black Belt (MBB)
黑带大师是企业里负责在集团层面推动并维护六西格玛文化的角色。他/她的主要职责通常包括但不限于：培训部署，项目选择，项目辅导，KPI制定及追踪，以及和管理层的定期沟通。在一些公司，MBB被定位成管理角色，会领导一些直接向其汇报的黑带，然而在另一些公司，MBB被定位成一个专家的角色，和黑带们之间是导师关系。除了扎实的六西格玛方面的知识和经验，MBB还应具有完备的软性技巧，比如领导力，沟通技巧，战略性思维等。
An MBB is the person who is responsible for promoting and maintaining Six Sigma culture at corporate level. His/her major tasks usually include but is not limited to: trainings deployment, project selection, projects coaching, KPI definition and tracking, and regular communication with top management. In some companies MBB is positioned as a management role with a group of Black Belts as direct reports, yet in other companies it is considered as an expert role with only mentorship with Black Belts. Besides solid knowledge and experience with Six Sigma, a full set of soft skills, such as leaderships, communication skills, strategic thinking, are required for this role as well.
黑带Black Belt (BB)
BB通常是全职的六西格玛专业人士，具备很强的统计分析和项目管理的技能，精通DMAIC和/或DFSS方法论及各阶段的所有工具，可执行较绿带项目难度高范围广的大型项目，帮企业实现较大收益。除了项目经理外，黑带还需要兼顾讲师和教练的角色，在这三个角色上的工作量分配比重则因公司而异，甚至因人而异。有些公司的黑带是项目经理头衔，而另一些公司的黑带是工程师或专员头衔。
BBs are expected to have strong statistical analysis and project management skills. They are usually full-time professionals responsible for leading DMAIC and/or DFSS projects, delivering Six Sigma trainings, and coaching other belts with less knowledge and experience. So, practically a BB acts as a project leader, a trainer, and a coach at the same time, and the workload allocation to these three roles varies company to company, sometimes even individual to individual. As for titles, some companies call their BBs project manager while in other companies they are engineers or specialists.
绿带Green Belt (GB)
绿带熟练掌握DMAIC方法论及每个阶段的大多数工具，可执行需要用到数据分析的专业六西格玛项目，帮企业实现收益。大多绿带是在自己工作之余拿出20-30%的工作量兼职做项目的，每年1-2个项目。绿带的头衔取决于他们实际从事的工作，主要是工程师或专员。
GBs are usually part time Six Sigma professionals who are expected to contribute 20-30% workload to lead 1-2 DMAIC projects a year in their own departments. They are well equipped to handle projects that requires standard statistical analysis and with limited scope. The title for GBs depends on what their actual job is, mostly engineer or specialist.
黄带Yellow Belts (YB)
一般来说，黄带不需要有太多的统计学知识，他们只需要理解DMAIC逻辑并可以用它来解决一些小问题。所以，黄带也不会被认为是六西格玛专业人士。
Normally, YBs don’t have to know much about statistics, they are only expected to understand the DMAIC logic and to solve simple problems with it in their daily work. As a result, YBs are not considered as Six Sigma professionals.
除了以上提到的以外，有些公司还有棕带、蓝带、和白带。一般来说，黑带大师 >黑带 > 棕带 > 绿带 > 蓝带 > 黄带 > 白带。
Besides what is mentioned above, some companies also have Brown Belts, Blue Belts, and White Belts. In general, MBB > BB > BrB > GB > BlB > YB > WB.
教练Coach
每一个六西格玛项目都应有一名教练对项目进行辅导。绿带可以做黄带项目的教练，黑带可以做黄带、绿带项目的教练；黑带大师可以做黑带项目的教练。
Every Six Sigma project has a coach. Usually a YB project has a GB/BB as coach, a GB project has a BB/MBB as coach, and a BB project has a MBB as coach.
倡导者Champion
倡导者是一个六西格玛项目的发起者和资助者，他们来自管理层并且参加过倡导者培训。他们在黑带大师（或黑带）的帮助下发起项目，帮助项目经理提名组员，为项目组提供资源、指导、监督层面的支持。
Champion is the initiator and sponsor of a Six Sigma project, he/she is from the management team and is expected to have attended champion training. He/she initials project topics in his area with the help of MBB (or BB), help the project leader nominate team members, and supports the project team with recourse, guidance, and supervision.
团队成员Team members
和其他项目一样，一个六西格玛项目需要有一个有着必要成员的项目组。这些团队成员是由倡导者提名的，他们也往往跟倡导者有直接或间接的汇报关系。他们往往对这个项目主题很熟悉，并且有一定的时间（10-20%工作量）来完成项目经理分配的一些任务。
Like other projects, a Six Sigma project requires a project team with necessary members. Those team members are nominated by champion, the person whom they directly or indirectly report to. They are supposed to be familiar with the project topic and have capacity (10-20% workload) to take over some project tasks distributed from the project leader.
给对六西格玛感兴趣的人的一些小提示：
Tips for those who are interested in Six Sigma career path:
1. 六西格玛专业人士的职业发展路线：Typical career path of Six Sigma professionals:
a. GB - BB - MBB - Consultant
b. GB - BB - Quality Mgr./ CI Mgr./ Business Excellence Mgr. - Quality Dir. - Quality VP
2. 优缺点Pros and cons
优点：项目导向，工作内容多样，职业早期的快速发展，无行业限制。
Pros: challenging, project based, various topics in daily work, fast growth at early stage of career.
缺点：挑战较大，市场缺口较少，转到管理角色的机会较少。
Cons: challenging, limited demand in the job market, low chance of transfer to a management role.
3. 六西格玛业内人士的薪资范围（中国一线城市）Salary range of Six Sigma professionals (tier1 cities in China)
GB 150-300k RMB
BB 300-700k RMB
MBB 500k-1.2m RMB
(根据工作经验和实际工作范围有很大浮动It varies a lot depending on experience level and actual work scope)
4. 六西格玛专业人士和一个有六西格玛认证的人Six Sigma professional vs. a personal with Six Sigma certificate
二者是有本质区别的。道理很简单，我有驾照，但是我绝对不会说我自己是个专业司机。重要的是那个人实际是做什么的。然而，一个六西格玛专业人士必须有相应的认证，一个有六西格玛认证的人也可以成为专业人士。
They are genuinely NOT the same. The logic is simple, I have a driver’s license but I’ll never have the guts to call myself a professional driver. It is what a person dose that matters. However, a Six Sigma professional must have certificate and a person with Six Sigma certificate could become a Six Sigma professional.
5. 常见的六西格玛认证机构Common Six Sigma certificating organizations
美国质量学会ASQ
中国质量协会CAQ
有声望的审核机构，如TÜV
Reputable audit organizations, eg: TÜV
业界知名的推动六西格玛的公司，如通用电气
Leading companies that are famous for implementing Six Sigma program, eg: GE.
提供六西格玛培训和辅导的咨询公司，如遴科咨询
Consulting firms that provides Six Sigma training and coaching，eg: Linke Consulting
